TABLE A8.2. Statistical data for concentrations of incompatible trace elements (values are in µg/g) (see section 8.4, Fig. 8.7). Li Be K Rb Y Zr Nb Sn Cs Ba La Ce Nd Sm Eu Apollo 11 MBAS N 2 1 15 16 8 7 3 14 14 14 14 Average 18.5 0.9 123 232 15.5 2.03 Std. dev. 27 24 3.8 0.34 Minimum 14 500 0.6 87 26 208 7.3 25 8.9 1.48 Maximum 23 2500 6.0 166 200 260 25 79 21 2.7 Apollo 12 MBAS N 8 18 37 36 41 29 32 5 12 31 11 31 7 39 32 Average 7.0 540 119 70 6.8 18.9 15.7 5.3 1.09 Std. dev. 2.4 100 24 22 1.9 4.5 3.9 1.3 0.30 Minimum 4.5 0.65 330 0.29 28 66 4 0.10 13 35 4.8 10.2 11.9 3.0 0.62 Maximum 10.6 3.3 830 6.0 168 186 29 0.39 100 140 12.1 32 24 9.4 2.1 Apollo 14 BMAS N 1 3 1 1 1 1 3 3 3 4 3 Average 912 1.83 9.9 0.3 90 146 10.8 30 19.0 5.3 1.11 Std. dev. 0.54 3.5 10 5.2 1.4 0.20 Minimum 1.21 6.7 17.9 13 3.9 0.88 Maximum 2.2 13 36 22 6.6 1.23 Apollo 15 MBAS N 8 3 23 26 16 17 10 1 11 23 20 23 7 24 23 Average 6.38 1.2 409 0.76 25.9 5.41 0.19 12.2 4.0 0.99 Std. dev. 0.73 0.2 131 0.19 2.8 0.75 2.3 1.1 0.13 Minimum 5.6 1 249 0.39 21 64 4.3 26 47 4.8 13.9 9.9 3.3 0.87 Maximum 7.8 1.4 810 1.15 29 290 6.2 140 220 18.4 51 16.3 8.5 1.31 Apollo 17 MBAS N 35 2 39 43 9 22 7 9 42 42 42 16 42 42 Average 9.3 2.7 440 81 250 20.5 74 6.3 21.2 21.5 9.3 1.89 Std. dev. 1.2 120 15 77 2.8 13 1.3 4.1 4.6 1.8 0.29 Minimum 7.1 1.5 250 0.30 58 176 17.4 13 46 4.0 11.3 13.2 5.7 1.37 Maximum 13.3 3.8 740 1.34 105 540 24 61 105 11.4 35 32 13.6 2.6 TABLE A8.2. (continued). Li Be K Rb Y Zr Nb Sn Cs Ba La Ce Nd Sm Eu Luna 16 MBAS N 9 14 9 1 1 1 14 8 13 11 13 13 Average 10.3 970 1.65 58 300 54 230 15.8 43 34.1 11.0 2.85 Std. dev. 2.0 310 0.49 84 5.0 14 9.4 3.4 0.96 Minimum 8.8 530 0.5 62 4.6 12.8 11 3.1 0.78 Maximum 15.1 1410 2.1 470 20 66 48 16 4.0 Luna 24 MBAS N 1 2 5 3 5 5 Average 50 45 1.97 6.6 1.62 0.65 Std. dev. 0.63 1.7 0.37 0.10 Minimum 40 1.1 5.5 1.2 0.58 Maximum 50 2.87 8.6 2.1 0.83 Anorthosite N 9 7 4 4 3 6 11 13 11 13 13 Average 123 2.65 0.73 0.87 Std. dev. 33 0.69 0.24 0.22 Minimum 58 0.017 15 1.87 0.1 2 4.8 0.12 0.33 0.04 0.59 Maximum 160 0.9 48 3.5 0.15 30 21 0.58 1.1 0.22 1.18 Norite N 1 13 1 6 10 11 13 5 13 13 Average 12.3 3.54 1.10 Std. dev. 0.29 Minimum 140 49 32 1.47 4.3 5.4 0.87 0.68 Maximum 1830 480 420 21 53 16.8 9.2 1.75 Troctolite N 1 12 2 7 1 1 13 13 13 4 14 13 Average 3 520 0.220 3.2 14 Std. dev. 160 Minimum 250 0.2 23.6 33 1.51 3.8 2.3 0.61 0.73 Maximum 830 0.24 350 630 33.2 82 52 13.8 2.72 TABLE A8.2. (continued). Li Be K Rb Y Zr Nb Sn Cs Ba La Ce Nd Sm Eu Apollo 11 S&RB N 6 2 16 19 10 10 10 9 12 16 16 2 16 16 Average 11.4 1.90 1370 3.80 110 330 20.1 130 220 18.0 55.2 54 13.8 1.71 Std. dev. 1.5 210 0.82 10 28 1.7 27 30 2.3 8.5 1.5 0.08 Minimum 10.4 1.6 1080 3 97 290 18 96 176 14.9 45 47 11.6 1.6 Maximum 13.3 2.2 1800 6.6 131 390 23 186 280 24 72 60 17.6 1.9 Apollo 12 S&RB N 1 17 6 27 19 9 11 1 16 4 4 3 2 3 4 Average 12 2100 128 560 21.5 0.3 310 360 30.7 87 67.0 15.1 1.89 Std. dev. 470 42 134 5.1 114 120 4.2 1 0.40 0.36 Minimum 1.6 1700 0.32 81 410 14 23 190 24 86 62 14.7 1.57 Maximum 8 3010 23 245 790 31 530 460 33 88 72 15.5 2.4 Apollo 14 S&RB N 1 7 2 10 8 6 4 1 10 1 3 3 3 7 3 Average 14 6.6 3500 16.5 267 810 43.0 0.4 660 780 68.1 170 117 28.7 2.43 Std. dev. 1.0 3.0 29 100 4.7 74 2.2 12 15 4.1 0.14 Minimum 5.1 3300 13.5 220 640 36 570 66 157 101 23 2.3 Maximum 8 3700 23 300 930 46 790 70 180 130 36 2.6 Apollo 15 S&RB N 1 8 14 23 9 9 12 5 25 3 14 10 9 23 14 Average 16.6 3.4 1300 3.8 84 320 170 21.1 61 51 1.27 Std. dev. 1.0 360 1.2 15 68 62 6.7 16 29 0.19 Minimum 1.7 720 0.46 69 240 1.5 0.24 24 120 11.6 35 33 0.76 1.03 Maximum 5.3 1920 6.3 115 470 35 0.6 300 380 34 94 124 15.1 1.58 Apollo 16 S&RB N 2 7 17 19 23 25 15 5 17 19 19 19 9 26 19 Average 5.7 800 38 160 11.8 0.11 107 115 30 1.23 Std. dev. 200 12 66 3.3 0.03 33 44 13 0.13 Minumum 4.5 1.1 380 1.2 8.9 46 3.8 0.07 54 56 3.0 7.7 8 1.28 0.99 Maximum 6.9 6.9 1120 6 60.5 310 15.6 0.15 170 220 22 55 33 9.8 1.60 TABLE A8.2. (continued). Li Be K Rb Y Zr Nb Sn Cs Ba La Ce Nd Sm Eu Apollo 17 S&RB N 5 15 17 16 29 29 12 16 14 17 17 3 17 17 Average 11.2 1.69 1050 60 230 14.9 119 158 13.6 34.9 25.0 7.48 1.38 Std. dev. 2.8 0.28 220 12 48 1.6 58 35 3.6 7.9 7.9 0.68 0.18 Minumum 8.4 1.3 630 0.76 44 133 13 37 97 6.5 18 16 6.3 1.21 Maximum 15 2.2 1360 4.8 91 350 18 200 210 17.6 47 31 8.7 1.83 Luna 16 S&RB N 3 9 11 1 3 4 8 4 7 6 9 9 Average 8.9 920 2.2 17.3 270 75.0 167 12.08 34.3 25.7 8.29 2.26 Std. dev. 1.0 81 1.3 70 8.1 25 0.65 4.1 1.3 0.75 0.25 Minimum 8.3 830 1.4 220 68 114 11.2 31 24 7.3 1.99 Maximum 10 1080 5.9 350 82 200 12.7 43 27 9.6 2.9 Luna 20 S&RB N 1 2 3 3 3 2 3 3 Average 630 1.60 6.43 17.4 10.80 3.177 0.94 Std. dev. 0.25 2.5 0.068 0.02 Minimum 1.5 50 6.2 15.8 10.5 3.1 0.92 Maximum 1.7 140 6.7 20 11.1 3.2 0.96 Luna 24 S&RB N 6 5 4 6 6 5 6 6 Average 238 56.0 36 2.91 8.02 6.44 1.96 0.642 Std. dev. 11 8.9 10 0.17 0.47 0.38 0.12 0.031 Minimum 220 50 25 2.7 7.5 6 1.83 0.59 Maximum 250 70 45 3.2 8.6 7 2.1 0.67 AMET S&RB N 8 7 8 11 9 9 9 9 9 9 Average 219 29.0 29.9 2.21 5.6 3.48 1.05 0.719 Std. dev. 39 7.6 5.7 0.49 1.5 0.81 0.24 0.040 Minimum 168 0.34 19 14 22 1.71 4.1 2.8 0.79 0.66 Maximum 290 2.7 45 220 39 3.2 8.8 5.2 1.56 0.78 TABLE A8.2. (continued). Li Be K Rb Y Zr Nb Sn Cs Ba La Ce Nd Sm Eu Apollo 14 BX N 10 20 25 29 18 26 8 1 25 24 29 28 22 32 29 Average 36.8 227 0.2 850 Std. dev. 8.9 72 280 Minimum 25.8 2.2 390 2.7 94 260 20 140 160 18.7 50 32 9 1.2 Maximum 56 12 7900 31 340 2100 82 2000 1300 520 1460 1030 260 7.5 Apollo 15 BX N 10 10 15 28 12 16 18 9 28 15 9 9 7 20 9 Average 1.34 Std. dev. 0.33 Minimum 2.2 0.8 270 0.03 27 40 0.43 0.09 8 26 5.9 18 11.1 0.43 0.76 Maximum 29 7.6 4600 114 176 740 48 0.27 1400 1640 47 130 47 20 1.81 Apollo 16 BX N 3 6 18 54 15 19 14 2 55 17 18 18 13 24 18 Average 7.0 Std. dev. 1.6 Minimum 5.6 0.9 80 0.043 4.4 17 1.3 0.15 8.1 40 0.99 3.7 7.7 0.08 0.84 Maximum 8.7 6.7 17500 45 140 2100 58 0.4 2100 2500 280 730 460 127 6.6 Apollo 17 BX N 9 1 13 20 7 10 6 23 12 13 13 8 13 13 Average 1.2 77 23.7 1.56 Std. dev. 27 6.7 0.32 Minimum 7.5 450 0.84 39 162 12.6 42 92 3.4 9 16 1.67 0.93 Maximum 25 2700 11.3 112 570 32 480 400 41 109 65 18.1 1.99 Luna 20 BX N 5 3 8 1 4 1 4 10 11 3 11 11 Average 4.5 1.7 60 140 50 0.89 Std. dev. 1.4 15 13 0.28 Minimum 3.4 0.2 106 44 38 7 4.7 11.2 0.8 0.54 Maximum 6.6 1.6 1740 75 67 21.4 53 30 10.1 1.41 TABLE A8.2 (continued). Gd Tb Dy Yb Lu Hf Ta W Th U Apollo 11 MBAS N 14 14 14 14 14 3 13 9 Average 3.50 12.8 1.84 12.0 2.14 0.36 Std. dev. 0.95 3.0 0.36 3.3 0.35 0.10 Minimum 2.1 8.1 1.22 6.8 1.4 0.24 0.7 0.156 Maximum 5 16.8 2.4 16.9 2.7 0.43 3.9 0.87 Apollo 12 MBAS N 7 25 14 34 34 25 7 4 5 12 Average 7.4 1.37 8.3 4.3 0.63 4.2 0.430 0.140 0.91 0.252 Std. dev. 1.5 0.42 1.8 0.9 0.13 1.0 0.062 0.014 0.21 0.061 Minimum 5.5 0.77 5.7 2.7 0.4 2.4 0.33 0.12 0.71 0.157 Maximum 9.3 2.6 10.6 6 0.89 6.4 0.51 0.15 1.28 0.36 Apollo 14 MBAS N 3 2 3 3 2 2 1 2 Average 7.1 1.30 9.2 5.4 0.75 8.4 0.2 0.60 Std. dev. 2.5 2.8 1.2 Minimum 4.2 0.98 6 4.0 0.61 6.9 0.59 Maximum 8.6 1.62 11.1 6.1 0.89 9.8 0.60 Apollo 15 MBAS N 6 5 7 23 14 5 5 4 9 Average 5.4 1.09 5.63 2.78 0.38 0.154 Std. dev. 0.9 0.43 0.82 0.79 0.14 0.045 Minimum 4.5 0.79 4.7 2.2 0.31 2.3 0.31 0.42 0.085 Maximum 6.8 1.85 7.3 6.0 0.86 6.5 0.88 2.6 0.24 Apollo 17 MBAS N 17 8 17 42 25 25 8 1 6 24 Average 13.6 2.54 15.9 9.1 1.33 8.6 1.63 0.06 0.123 Std. dev. 2.7 0.60 3.1 1.5 0.21 1.2 0.23 0.022 Minimum 9.0 1.8 10.7 6.0 0.95 6.3 1.25 0.198 0.06 Maximum 19.6 3.8 23 13.2 1.88 11.2 2.0 0.68 0.16 TABLE A8.2 (continued). Gd Tb Dy Yb Lu Hf Ta W Th U Luna 16 MBAS N 7 7 14 13 8 5 5 4 Average 2.3 13.7 7.9 1.07 Std. dev. 0.7 4.5 3.0 0.34 Minimum 0.72 8.8 3.3 0.50 0.46 0.29 0.37 0.03 Maximum 3.1 21 13.9 1.8 11.8 1.2 2.4 0.3 Luna 24 MBAS N 3 5 5 5 4 2 Average 1.734 0.234 1.08 0.143 0.2 Std. dev. 0.34 0.069 0.20 0.067 Minimum 0.34 1.22 0.15 0.9 0.1 0.2 Maximum 2.9 2.0 0.31 1.4 0.24 0.2 Anorthosite N 1 6 3 13 13 9 2 1 5 Average 0.3 0.043 0.04 Std. dev. Minimum 0.007 0.054 0.026 0.004 0.0064 0.011 0.001 Maximum 0.047 0.33 0.25 0.04 0.49 0.074 0.0052 Norite N 1 11 2 13 13 11 10 10 7 Average 6.6 4.7 Std. dev. Minimum 0.22 2.3 0.98 0.13 0.53 0.086 0.17 0.15 Maximum 2.0 7.1 7.7 1.01 10.7 2.5 4.4 1.6 Troctolite N 1 12 3 13 13 13 10 1 12 11 Average 0.73 0.1 Std. dev. Minimum 0.13 0.8 0.44 0.051 0.25 0.031 0.17 0.0194 Maximum 2.6 15.7 8.4 1.19 5.9 0.57 3.7 0.78 TABLE A8.2 (continued). Gd Tb Dy Yb Lu Hf Ta W Th U Apollo 11 S&RB N 1 16 1 16 16 15 16 2 13 5 Average 18 3.21 17 10.8 1.59 11.6 1.59 0.22 2.34 0.52 Std. dev. 0.62 1.3 0.19 1.6 0.20 0.72 0.16 Minimum 2.5 8.3 1.3 9.2 1.3 0.22 1.5 0.35 Maximum 4.2 13.4 2.0 14 1.9 0.22 3.7 0.67 Apollo 12 S&RB N 3 4 3 4 4 4 4 3 4 6 Average 17.0 3.60 20.2 10.7 1.54 12.8 1.35 0.61 5.2 1.68 Std. dev. 2.1 0.36 2.4 1.4 0.16 2.1 0.22 0.15 1.2 0.62 Minimum 15.7 3.2 17.8 8.9 1.35 10.9 1.04 0.45 3.52 0.72 Maximum 19.4 4 23 12.4 1.74 15.6 1.5 0.74 6.3 2.7 Apollo 14 S&RB N 3 3 3 3 3 3 2 4 2 5 Average 35 6.43 41.0 23.2 2.85 22 3.00 0.68 15.1 3.46 Std. dev. 1 0.15 3.5 1.6 0.27 1 0.17 0.58 Minimum 34 6.3 38 22 2.7 21 2.8 0.5 14.3 2.5 Maximum 36 6.6 45 25 3.2 23 3.2 0.9 15.9 4.07 Apollo 15 S&RB N 2 12 14 13 14 14 14 5 3 7 Average 15.6 2.10 13.0 6.6 0.98 7.1 0.90 Std. dev. 0.47 3.6 1.7 0.25 2.2 0.32 Minimum 12.6 1.6 8 3.9 0.67 3.9 0.46 0.14 1.8 0.12 Maximum 18.7 3.3 18.3 9.2 1.54 11.8 1.55 0.68 4.9 1.43 Apollo 16 S&RB N 4 19 11 19 19 19 19 4 17 27 Average 7.2 Std. dev. 2.7 Minimum 2.8 0.29 2.5 0.98 0.141 0.81 0.14 0.074 0.43 0.13 Maximum 12.1 2.1 13.3 6.8 0.9 7.3 1.02 0.56 3.7 0.92 TABLE A8.2 (continued). Gd Tb Dy Yb Lu Hf Ta W Th U Apollo 17 S&RB N 5 17 12 17 17 17 17 4 13 28 Average 10.1 1.68 10.7 5.81 0.83 5.76 0.88 2.44 Std. dev. 0.9 0.13 1.3 0.66 0.10 0.50 0.19 0.56 Minimum 9.1 1.5 9.5 4.2 0.58 4.9 0.68 0.083 1.12 0.139 Maximum 11.1 1.9 14 7.3 1.02 6.5 1.3 0.3 3.2 1.05 Luna 16 S&RB N 5 1 7 9 4 2 3 Average 10.6 1.9 10.8 5.69 0.901 9.4 0.360 Std. dev. 0.9 1.2 0.56 0.081 0.044 Minimum 9.6 9.8 5.0 0.82 5.9 0.31 Maximum 12 13.5 6.7 0.98 13 0.39 Luna 20 S&RB N 1 3 2 3 3 3 1 2 2 Average 4.4 0.657 4.25 2.42 0.383 2.5 0.3 0.975 0.325 Std. dev. 0.025 0.16 0.041 0.4 Minimum 0.63 4 2.3 0.35 2.1 0.95 0.31 Maximum 0.68 4.5 2.6 0.43 2.9 1 0.34 Luna 24 S&RB N 6 5 6 6 6 3 6 Average 0.438 2.94 1.68 0.250 1.40 0.233 0.40 Std. dev. 0.032 0.17 0.07 0.017 0.13 0.057 0.09 Minimum 0.41 2.8 1.6 0.23 1.3 0.2 0.3 Maximum 0.49 3.2 1.8 0.28 1.6 0.3 0.5 AMET S&RB N 4 9 7 9 9 9 9 9 16 Average 1.16 0.237 1.51 0.93 0.138 0.78 0.101 0.301 Std. dev. 0.23 0.050 0.36 0.22 0.027 0.17 0.028 0.076 Minimum 0.96 0.17 1.15 0.69 0.106 0.61 0.07 0.198 0.012 Maximum 1.4 0.33 2.2 1.34 0.190 1.11 0.16 0.43 0.38 TABLE A8.2 (continued). Gd Tb Dy Yb Lu Hf Ta W Th U Apollo 14 BX N 12 21 20 29 29 20 10 9 12 17 Average 15.8 3.9 Std. dev. 5.2 1.2 Minimum 27 2.1 32 6.1 0.94 0.68 0.1 0.2 11 0.7 Maximum 280 49 270 99 13.1 39 4 2.6 30 5.8 Apollo 15 BX N 4 9 8 9 9 9 9 12 9 22 Average Std. dev. Minimum 4.9 0.79 5.4 2.6 0.37 2.5 0.39 0.08 1.08 0.024 Maximum 26 4.5 27 15.8 2.2 17 2.0 0.98 7.5 7.2 Apollo 16 BX N 7 17 15 18 18 18 16 6 16 64 Average Std. dev. Minimum 2.6 0.13 0.92 0.52 0.085 0.4 0.03 0.12 0.7 0.0018 Maximum 33 27 38 77 10.9 69 5.0 0.69 36 7.2 Apollo 17 BX N 8 13 12 13 13 13 13 6 11 28 Average 14.6 2.5 15.6 8.7 1.23 8.7 1.19 1.11 Std. dev. 3.8 0.9 5.9 3.2 0.45 3.4 0.41 0.71 Minimum 9.5 0.45 3.8 1.9 0.34 0.99 0.17 0.12 0.64 0.178 Maximum 21.1 4 24 13.9 2 13.7 1.82 0.75 7.4 3.1 Luna 20 BX N 3 6 6 11 11 10 3 3 4 Average Std. dev. Minimum 5 0.72 4.5 0.82 0.15 0.47 0.5 1.2 0.34 Maximum 7 1.6 9.8 7.8 1.13 8.5 0.7 3.4 0.9 TABLE A8.2 (continued). Note that standard deviations are not given for those categories where the number of analyses (N) is <3. Wherever N is >1 but no a verage or standard deviation is given, this was done because of either (1) extreme scatter in the data, where the relative standard deviation was >30%, or (2) data from mixed samples, such as highland a nd mare soils, where averages would be misleading. N=number of analyses, Std. dev.=standard deviation, MBAS=mare basalts, S&RB=soils and regolith breccias, BX=polymict breccias, AMET=Antarctic l unar meteorites. Highland monomict rocks (HMCT in Fig. 8.7) are listed by individual rock type name (anorthosite, norite, and troctolite; see section 6.3). Main sources for data used in Fig. 8.7 and this table: Li: refs. 1, 12, 17, 18, 21, 27, 29, 30; Be: refs. 8, 9, 18, 30, 32; B: ref s. 5, 8, 18, 19, 24, 30; K: refs. 1, 4, 10, 11, 12, 15, 17, 18, 20, 27, 29, 30, 31, 32; Rb: refs. 1, 2, 6, 7, 8, 11, 12, 14, 15, 17, 20, 21, 23, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32; Y: refs. 4, 8, 12, 18, 24, 29, 30, 32; Zr: refs. 4 , 8, 11, 12, 15, 16, 18, 21, 23, 29, 30, 31, 32; Nb: refs. 4, 8, 12, 26, 30; Sn: ref. 26; Cs: refs. 1, 2, 6, 11, 14, 15, 23, 27, 28, 30, 31; Ba: refs. 1, 4, 11, 12, 15, 16, 17, 18, 20, 21, 22, 23, 27, 29, 30, 31; REE (La to Lu): refs. 4, 10, 11, 12, 13, 15, 16, 17, 20, 21, 22, 23, 27, 30, 31; Hf: refs. 4, 11, 12, 13, 15, 16, 21, 23, 30, 31; Ta: refs. 4, 11, 15, 16, 20, 22, 23, 30, 31; W: refs. 13, 26, 30; Th: refs. 4, 11, 12, 13, 15, 16, 20, 23, 30, 31; U: refs. 1, 2, 6, 11, 12, 15, 16, 23, 25, 28, 30, 31. References: 1. Albee et al. (1972); 2. E. Anders, R. Ganapathy, J. W. Morgan, U. Krähenbühl, and coworkers; 3. S. R. Taylor and cow orkers; 4. D. P. Blanchard, J. M. Rhodes, and coworkers; 5. Bouchet et al. (1971); 6. Boynton and Hill (1983); 7. Compston et al. (1970, 1972a,b); 8. F. Cuttitta, H. J. Rose, C. S. Annell, and cowork ers; 9. K. J. Eisentraut, R. E. Sievers, and coworkers; 10. Gillum et al. (1972); 11. L. A. Haskin, P. A. Helmke, R. L. Korotev, M. M. Lindstrom, and coworkers; 12. N. J. Hubbard, C.-Y. Shih, L. E. Nyquist , J. M. Rhodes, and coworkers; 13. Jerome et al. (1972); 14. Kaczaral et al. (1986); 15. J. C. Laul and coworkers; 16. D. S. McKay et al. (1986); 17. G. A. McKay et al. (1979); 18. Meyer (1978 ); 19. Morrison et al. (1970, 1971, 1973); 20. Ostertag et al. (1986); 21. J. A. Philpotts, C. S. Schnetzler, D. F. Nava, and coworkers; 22. R. A. Schmitt, M.-S. Ma, and coworkers; 23. Shervais et al. ( 1985a,b); 24. Strasheim et al. (1972); 25. M. Tatsumoto, P. Nunes, and coworkers; 26. S. R. Taylor and coworkers; 27. Tera et al. (1970); 28. Verkouteren et al. (1983); 29. Vinogradov (1971, 1973); 30. H. Wänke, H. Palme, and coworkers; 31. P. W. Warren, J. T. Wasson, G. W. Kallemeyn, and coworkers; 32. Willis et al. (1971).